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Classical Pantheism is a phrase that has been used in various ways. The most common use is as a term used by American philosopher Charles Hartshorne to describe theological deterministic philosophies of those he considers pantheists such as Baruch Spinoza and the Stoics. The term has also been used to mean Pantheism in the classical Greek and Roman era,〔Principles of Natural Theology, George Hayward Joyce, 2003, p482〕〔Anti-theistic theories: being the Baird lecture for 1877, by Robert Flint p536〕 or archetypal pantheism as variously defined by different authors.〔Pantheism: A Non-Theistic Concept of Deity, Michael Philip Levine, 1994, p163〕 == Hartshorne's Classical Pantheism == This usage of the term Classical Pantheism was first presented by Charles Hartshorne in 1953,〔Charles Hartshorne and William Reese, "Philosophers Speak of God," Humanity Books, 1953 ch 4〕 and by others discussing his presentation.〔David Ray John B. Cobb, Clark H. Pinnock, "Searching for an Adequate God: A Dialogue Between Process and Free Will Theists", Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000, p. 177〕 In making his case for panentheism, Hartshorne sought to distinguish panentheism, which rejects determinism, from deterministic pantheism.〔Park, Chan Ho, "Transcendence And Spatiality of the Triune Creator", European Academic Publishers, 2005, p. 4〕 The term "pantheism" is derived from Greek words pan (πᾶν, "all") and theos (θεός, "God"), together meaning "All-God" or "All is God." It is often associated with monism, the idea that existence has one sort of underlying substance. The ''Encyclopedia of Religion'' refers to this form of Pantheism as an "extreme monism," stating that in Classical Pantheism, "God decides or determines everything, including our supposed decisions." Other examples of deterministic-inclined pantheisms include the views of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ernst Haeckel, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Classical pantheism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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